သုံးႏႈန္းမွတ္သားေ၀ါဟာရမ်ား (၂၀)

• Posted by zar ni (My Way!) on September 27, 2013 at 17:57 in အဂၤလိပ္စာ သိေကာင္းစရာ အျဖာျဖာ

ALMOST  လုနီးပါး

၁။ almost

almost/nearly  လုနီးပါး။ နီးနီး။ နီးပါး။… တိုင္း လိုလို။
ပမာဏတစ္ခု၊ ကိန္းဂဏန္းတစ္ခုေရာက္ဖို႔နည္းနည္းေလးလိုတယ္၊ တစ္ခုခု ျဖစ္ပ်က္လုနီးပါး၊ မွန္လုနီးပါးဟုေျပာရန္သံုးသည္။

almost + numbers

• There were almost 200 people at the meeting. အစည္းအေ၀းတြင္ လူႏွစ္ရာနီးပါးတက္ေရာက္ခဲ့သည္။

almost + verbs

• I was laughing so much I almost fell off my chair. ရယ္လြန္းလို႔ ခံုေပၚကလိမ့္က်လုနီးပါးပဲ။
  
• She nearly died of her injuries. သူဒဏ္ရာေတြႏွင့္ ေသလုနီးပါးျဖစ္ခဲ့သည္။

almost + all/ every/ everyone/everything/always

• She lost almost all her money. သူ႔ပိုက္ဆံအကုန္နီးပါး႐ႈံးသြားခဲ့သည္။
  
• We  see each other nearly every day. ကၽြန္ေတာ္တို႔ တစ္ဦးႏွင့္တစ္ဦး ေန႔တိုင္းနီးပါးေတြ႕ၾကသည္။

almost + as + adjective + as

• She’s almost as tall as her big sister. သူကသူ႔အစ္မေလာက္နီးပါးအရပ္ရွည္တယ္။

almost my friends came သို႔မဟုတ္ almost of my friends came ဟုေျပာ၍မရပါ။
almost all my friends/ almost all of my friends came. ဟုေျပာပါ။

* အေမရိကန္အဂၤလိပ္အသံုးတြင္ almost အားပိုအသံုးျပဳၾကသည္။
* ၿဗိတိသွ်အဂၤလိပ္အသံုးေတြင္ almost, nearly ႏွစ္ခုစလံုးအားသံုးၾကသည္။

very + nearly သံုး၍ရေသာ္လည္း very + almost သံုး၍မရပါ။
‘Brazil very almost lost the game’,
Brazil very nearly lost the game.

practically/ virtually =  almost completely အားလံုးနီးပါး/လံုး၀နီးပါ။

• Cholera has virtually disappeared from this region. ကာလ၀မ္းေရာဂါသည္ ေဒသတစ္ခုလံုးနီးပါး ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔သြားၿပီျဖစ္သည္။

+ full/empty/impossible/ the same etc

• The theatre was practically empty. ကပြဲ႐ံုသည္ တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့လူသူကင္းမဲ့ေနသည္။
  
• It's virtually impossible for a woman to become president in this country. ဒီတိုင္းျပည္မွာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးတစ္ေယာက္ သမၼတျဖစ္ဖိို႔ ဆိုတာ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္ပဲ။

practically/ virtually + all/every/everyone (=very nearly all)

• Tom knew practically everyone at the party. ေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ တြမ္ဟာပါတီကလူတိုင္းနီးပါးနဲ႔သိတယ္။
  
• Virtually all the children come to school by car. ကေလးအားလံုးနီးပါး ေက်ာင္းကိုကားနဲ႔လာတယ္။

* practically or virtually တို႔အား ကိန္းဂဏန္း numbers ႏွင့္မသံုးပါ။

just about/more or less  လုနီးပါ။ အနည္းႏွင့္အမ်ား
(အေျပာစကားတြင္သံုးသည္) အတိအက်/လံုး၀မဟုတ္ေသာ္လည္း တူညီလုနီးပါးျဖစ္သည္။ ကြာျခားခ်က္သည္ သိပ္အေရးမပါ။

• I had more or less convinced her that I was telling the truth. သူ႔ကို ငါအမွန္ေတြေျပာေနတာပါလို႔ ယံုလုနီးပါးေျပာခဲ့ၿပီးၿပီ။

just about/more or less + ready/finished/straight/the same etc

• Dinner’s just about ready.
  ညစာအဆင္သင့္ျဖစ္လုနီးၿပီ။
  
• All the rooms are more or less the same size.
  အခန္းအားလံုးသည္ အနည္းႏွင့္အမ်ား အရြယ္တူမ်ားျဖစ္ၾကသည္။

just about/more or less + every /everyone/everything

• She's invited just about everyone she knows. သူသိသမွ်အားလံုးနီးပါးကိုဖိတ္ခဲ့တယ္။

Not quite တစ္စံုတစ္ခုသည္မျဖစ္ပ်က္ခဲ့၊ မမွန္ခဲ့ သို႔ရာတြင္ ျဖစ္ခဲ့လုနီးပါး၊ မွန္လုနီးပါး ဆိုသည့္အဓိပၸါယ္ႏွင့္ေျပာသည္။

• She hasn't quite finished her homework yet. အိမ္စာမၿပီးေသးဘူး။ (ၿပီးလုနီးပါး)
  
• Give me five minutes - I'm not quite ready.
  ငါးမိနစ္ပဲအခ်ိန္ေပးပါ။ အဆင္သင့္မျဖစ္ေသးလို႔ပါ။(ျဖစ္ခါနီးၿပီ)

* Not quite အားကိန္းဂဏန္းမ်ားႏွင့္မသံုးပါ။

၂။  When something happens, but almost does not ကပ္ျဖစ္သည္။

• He just failed the examination — two more points and he would have passed. စာေမးပြဲကိုကပ္႐ႈံးသြားတယ္။ ႏွစ္မွတ္ေလာက္ရတာနဲ႔ေအာင္မွာ။
  
• I just managed to get there before the train left. ရထားမထြက္ခင္ေလးကပ္ေရာက္သြားတယ္။

only just

• These pants only just fit me.
  ေဘာင္းဘီကကၽြန္ေတာ္နဲ႔ေတာ္လု႐ံုေလး။
  (=they are almost too small)

just big enough/old enough etc

• The tunnel is just wide enough for two trucks to pass each other.
  လႈိဏ္ေခါင္းက ကုန္ကားႏွစ္စီးယွဥ္ျဖတ္ဖို႔က်ယ္ဆယ္ဆိုရံုေလးပဲ။

Hardly မဟုတ္သေလာက္နီးပါး။ မ--- နီးပါး။

• I hadn't seen aim for 12 years, but he'd hardly changed at all. သူ႔ကိုမေတြ႕တာ ၁၂ နီးပါးရွိၿပီ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ သူပံုစံကဘာမွ မေျပာင္းသေလာက္ပဲ။

Can/could hardly do sth ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲလုပ္ရသည္။

• I was so tired I could hardly keep my eyes open. ပင္ပန္းလြန္းလို႔ မ်က္လံုးေတြမနည္းဖြင့္ရတယ္။ (မ်က္လံုးဆက္မဖြင့္ႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ျဖစ္ေန)

hardly any/anyone/anything

• There’s hardly any fuel left in the tank. ဆီတိုင္ကီထဲမွာ ဆီမက်န္သေလာက္ပဲ။

hardly ever မ--နီးပါ။ (=almost never)

• She hardly ever goes to church. သူဘုရားေက်ာင္းသြားေလ့မရွိသေလာက္ပဲ။

သတိျပဳရန္။
Hardly သည္ verb အေရွ႕တြင္ေနသည္။ She hardly spoke to me all day.
modal or auxiliary verb ရွိလွ်င္ hardly သည္ ၄င္းတို႔ေနာက္ႏွင့္ ပင္မႀကိယာ၏ေရွ႕တြင္ေနသည္။ She had hardly spoken to me all day.
The writing was so small, l could hardly read it.

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